How would you improve the performance of a large table with 10,000+ rows?

If your React app has a large table (10,000+ rows), rendering all rows at once can slow it down because React has to create and update thousands of DOM elements.

To improve performance:

1. Virtualization (Best Method) – Use libraries like react-window or react-virtualized to render only the visible rows on the screen and reuse DOM elements while scrolling.
   Why: It drastically reduces the number of rendered elements, improving speed and memory efficiency.
2. Pagination – Show data in smaller chunks (like 50–100 rows per page).
   Why: Reduces the amount of data rendered at once.
3. Memoization – Use React.memo, useMemo, and useCallback to avoid unnecessary re-renders.
   Why: Keeps unchanged rows from re-rendering when data updates.
4. Lazy Loading – Fetch and render rows in batches as needed.
   Why: Improves initial load time and network efficiency.

The best method to improve performance for a large table (10,000+ rows) is virtualization (windowing) — using libraries like react-window or react-virtualized

Why it’s best:

• It renders only the visible rows on the screen (maybe 20–50 at a time) instead of all 10,000.
• As you scroll, it reuses DOM elements to show new rows.
• This keeps the DOM lightweight, improves render speed, and reduces memory usage.